5 HTP and Serotonin: 5-HTP Supplement Benefits and Side Effects

5-HTP and Serotonin are intricately connected on a biochemical level. 5-Hydroxytryptophan (5-HTP) is a precursor to the neurotransmitter Serotonin.

Serotonin is often referred to as the “happiness neurotransmitter.” Elevated levels of Serotonin in the body are associated with positive emotions including happiness, peacefulness, and calm.

5-HTP is a by-product of the breakdown of the essential amino acid Tryptophan. Tryptophan is considered essential because the human body cannot manufacture it. Therefore humans must obtain Tryptophan from dietary sources. Tryptophan is found in many protein rich foods including poultry, eggs, green beans, garlic, and chickpeas.

In some individuals, Tryptophan from the diet may not be sufficient for the body’s needs. Additionally, some people naturally produce lower levels of 5-HTP. In these cases, supplementation may help to increase 5-HTP in the body.

5-HTP supplements are often derived from the Griffonia simplicifolia, a shrub indigenous to Africa. The seeds of the Griffonia simplicifolia are naturally high in 5-HTP.

As a Serotonin boosting compound, 5-HTP supplements are used by many people for an array of health disorders including:

• Insomnia
• Depression
• Anxiety
• Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)
• Weight Loss
• Alcohol Withdrawal

5-HTP

Serotonergic Supplement

Mood

Sleep

Weight Loss

How It Works:

• Increases Serotonin levels in the brain
• Enhances mood and alleviates stress
• Improves sleep and regulates appetite

Dosage:

Between 50 - 250 mg per day

Safety:

Generally Well Tolerated

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The Relationship between 5-HTP and Serotonin

Serotonin is a chemical compound that the body uses for various functions including: peristalsis (intestinal contractions necessary for digestion), appetite regulation, sleep, and mood.

Serotonin levels are sometimes naturally low in some individuals. Additionally, Serotonin production in the body decreases as we age. Increasing Serotonin levels may help to restore feelings of elation, enthusiasm, and a relaxed sense of peace and contentment.

If you have a prolonged deficiency of Serotonin, then you may experience any or all of the following:

• Depression
• Anxiety
• Overeating
• Insomnia

Roughly 85% of the Serotonin in the human body is found in the digestive tract. Serotonin is most plentiful in the cells that line the walls of the stomach, small intestine, and large intestine. The primary function of Serotonin in the digestive tract is to regulate peristalsis.

Serotonin in the gut also plays a role in signaling the brain regarding appetite. Specifically, high levels of Serotonin can reduce hunger cravings, which may make it useful for losing weight.

The other approximately 15% of a human’s Serotonin supply is found in the blood platelets, brain, and the central nervous system.

Serotonin is unable to pass the barrier between the bloodstream and the brain. Consequently, supplementing directly with Serotonin is often not useful in raising Serotonin levels in the brain.

5-HTP can pass the blood-brain barrier, and be used to boost Serotonin production in the brain. It is not necessary or useful to supplement with 5-HTP and Serotonin together.

Serotonin is produced in the brain from 5-HTP. When there are sufficient levels of 5-HTP in the system (from a Tryptophan rich diet and/or 5-HTP supplements), the body is able to synthesize Serotonin more efficiently. Properly balanced Serotonin levels are correlated with the following:

• Deeper, more restful sleep
• Increased libido
• Decreased depression
• Lowered anxiety
• Normalized appetite, helping to lessen obesity
• Enhanced temperature control
• Lessened pain sensations and responses

5-HTP and Serotonin for Depression

Depression is a mental disorder that affects millions of people worldwide. 5-HTP for increasing Serotonin may be a natural choice for individuals with depression who choose to use non-pharmaceutical supplements in their lives.

The Natural Medicines database has deemed 5-HTP as Possibly Effective in improving symptoms of depression. Although research on 5-HTP for improving depression symptoms is still in early stages, there is strong evidence suggesting 5-HTP may be comparable to conventional antidepressant therapy.

In one clinical study, 150-400 mg of 5-HTP/day for eight weeks had comparable effects in reducing depression symptoms as 20-40 mg of fluoxetine (Prozac)/day.

Other studies saw similar results when 5-HTP was tested against fluvoxamine (Luvox) and imipramine (Tofranil).

Other Benefits of 5-HTP and Serotonin Supplementation

Because of its ability to stimulate Serotonin production, some people use 5-HTP as an alternative supplement for various conditions including:

• Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)
• Various sleep disorders, including insomnia
• Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS)
• Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder (PMDD)
• Fibromyalgia
• Migraine and tension headaches
• Obesity-related binge eating

Always speak with your doctor before beginning any new supplements, especially if you are already taking any prescription medications.

The Natural Medicines database has rated 5-HTP as Possibly Effective for improving the symptoms of depression. Research on the effects of 5-HTP on other low-Serotonin conditions is limited, and more research is still needed. The FDA has not approved 5-HTP as a drug to prevent or treat any conditions.

5-HTP for Serotonin Dosage

Because there has not yet been sufficient research to determine all variables, exactly how much 5-HTP an individual should take is relevant to each individual.

In most cases, a dosage of 50mg – 100mg taken two to three times a day may work for boosting Serotonin levels. Factors that determine what amount is right for a given individual include but are not limited to age, state of health, and the condition being targeted.

Speak with your doctor to determine the best dosage for your specific needs, sensitivities, and personal physiology.

Potential Side Effects of 5-HTP and Serotonin Supplements

5-HTP is reported to be Possibly Safe for oral use in adults by the Natural Medicines database. Most users will experience no side effects when taken at suggested dosages. However, some users do report some mild side effects including diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, heartburn, stomach pain, muscle stiffness, and sexual problems.

5-HTP has been reported as Possibly Unsafe for women who are pregnant or nursing, and should not be used in these instances.

Also, those with Down syndrome should not use 5-HTP because in one study, seizures are reported in about 15% of patients who used 5-HTP.

Finally, surgery patients are recommended to not use 5-HTP because various post-surgery medications can also affect Serotonin levels. It is best to discontinue 5-HTP use at least two weeks before any scheduled surgeries.

5-HTP Drug Interaction Warning

5-HTP increases the amount of Serotonin in the human system. Many prescription antidepressant, specifically MAOIs (monoamine oxidase inhibitors) and SSRIs (selective Serotonin reuptake inhibitors), also have the same effect.

Combining the two (5-HTP with an antidepressant) may lead to excessive amounts of Serotonin in the system, known as Serotonin Syndrome. This can cause an array of possible side effects including:

• Strong anxiety
• Rapid speech
• Shivering
• Excessive sweating
• Heart palpitations

In extreme cases, if left untreated, Serotonin Syndrome may be fatal.

Other drugs and chemicals that can interact negatively with 5-HTP therapy include, but are not limited to:

• Carbidopa (Lodosyn)
• Dextromethorphan (Robitussin DM)
• Meperidine (Demerol)
• Pentazocine (Talwin)
• Tramadol (Ultram)

If you are considering using 5-HTP to boost Serotonin levels, then you need to do so with attention and care in mind. The chemical changes that may occur can be subtle and difficult to discern. Consult with your doctor before beginning to take 5-HTP for low Serotonin levels.

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