Astragalus Membranaceus Extract Uses, Benefits & Side Effects

Astragalus membranaceus has been used in traditional medicine for thousands of years.

Astragalus root is a considered a rare adaptogen in traditional Chinese medicine. It is purported to help protect the body and brain from mental, physical and emotional stressors.

It is believed to promote immune system function and is used in Chinese medicine to tonify the body’s “vital force” or Qi. Research shows that it can stimulate the activity of white blood cells, which play a role in a healthy immune system.

Astragalus is often used along with certain other herbs in multi-ingredient combinations for antioxidant protection, hepatic (liver) protection and natural modulation of blood pressure and blood glucose levels. [1]

Astragalus

Herbal Extract

Vascular Health

Immune System

Adaptogen

How It Works:

• Promotes liver & vascular health
• Supports immune white blood cells
• Used traditionally to promote vitality

Dosage:

Between 250 - 750 mg of 4:1 extract per day

Safety:

Rated Possibly Safe

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Astragalus Root Health Benefits

Astragalus is considered to be an adaptogen in traditional Chinese medicine.

Adaptogens are believed to support the body’s natural defense system and improve resistance to stress.

They are purported to help the body “adapt” to temporary external stressors and maintain homeostasis.

In particular, Astragalus root extract is touted as an immune booster that can enhance stamina, liver health and improve resistance to certain functions.

The Natural Medicines Comprehensive Database (NMCD) reports that astragalus is rated as Possibly Effective for two conditions: chemotherapy toxicity and diabetes mellitus. [2]

According to NMCD, all other uses for astragalus lack sufficient reliable clinical evidence to rate efficacy. Some of the conditions that astragalus has been studied in include:

• SLE (systemic lupus erythematosus);
• CFS (chronic fatigue syndrome);
• CHF (congestive heart failure);
• Allergic rhinitis (hay fever);
• Nephrotic syndrome;
• Weight loss;

Astragalus has also been studied for effects in vascular disorders such as angina and heart disease, asthma, hearing loss, HIV/AIDS, kidney disease, menopause and lung cancer.

It has also been studied for its effects in athletic performance and energy levels, hepatitis B, menstrual disorders and myocardial infarction. [2]

These uses for astragalus require more research to be conducted in order to determine whether it works.

What do People use Astragalus For?

According to NMCD, people use astragalus for strengthening the immune system, fighting off the common cold, resisting respiratory infections, and improving fibromyalgia symptoms. [2]

NMCD states that astragalus is also used as an antioxidant, antiviral, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory and liver protectant. [1, 2]

Some people use astragalus as a diuretic to help them increase urine production and urination frequency. This herb is said to be helpful for facilitating detoxification. [2]

Administered topically, astragalus is purported to be a vasodilator. [2] That means it opens blood vessels up in diameter, allowing more blood to be displaced without increasing blood pressure.

Increased blood/nutrient delivery helps with healing, growth, repair and other important body functions.

This dietary supplement is used in combination with a plant from the olive family (Oleaceae) called Ligustrum lucidum. Its common name is “glossy privet”. Together, astragalus and glossy privet are used to treat lung, cervical and breast cancer. [2]

Many of these uses have not been studied in double-blind placebo controlled human research studies. Its uses listed here are based on traditional Chinese medicine as reported by NMCD.

Astragalus Plant Description

The University of Maryland Medical Center (UMM) reports that astragalus membranaceous is a perennial plant that is indigenous to eastern and northern China, as well as Korea and Mongolia. [1]

The above-ground plant grows up to 3 feet tall, has “hairy” stalks, and has leaves with up to 18 sets of leaflets. Roots from plants that are at least 4 years old are harvested for medicinal and supplement making purposes. [1]

Egyptian researchers report, “Astragalus species represent very old and well known remedy in the traditional medicine of China, Bulgaria and Russia. They are used mainly as superior tonics, for shortness of breath, general weakness, lack of appetite and to invigorate vital energy.”. [3]

According to research, some species of astragalus have been used as diuretics to treat nephritis (inflamed kidneys), postpartum urine retention, diabetes, stomach ulcers, leprosy and chronic bronchitis. [3]

Astragalus Mechanisms of Action

Astragalus root extract has a unique and diverse nutritional profile. Its bioactive constituents include:

• Selenium-based amino acids like S-methylcysteine and Se-methylselenocysteine;
• Multiple trace minerals including potassium, zinc and iron;
• More than 40 different saponins, including astragaloside;
• Flavonoids including isoflavones and pterocarpans;

Scientists continue to isolate new phytonutrients (plant chemicals) from this plant. Together, these constituents act synergistically to affect human biology in several different ways.

Astragalus root supplements have been shown to increase levels of an important antioxidant called superoxide dismutase (SOD). In doing so, astragalus helps to improve overall antioxidant status. [2]

By inhibiting free radical damage to cells and tissues, this Chinese herb might help to reduce the risk for developing various diseases associated with oxidative stress and aging.

Astragalus has also demonstrated a capacity to inhibit the formation of free radicals inside the body. Further, it decreases lipid peroxidation, a process in which free radicals steal electrons from lipids found in healthy cell membranes. [2]

Astragalus is widely purported to strengthen the immune system and to improve the performance of both the cardiovascular system and the liver. [2]

In in-vitro studies, astragalus polysaccharides seemed to enhance immunity by binding to and activating macrophages and B cells. However, no effects on T cells were noted. [2]

Astragalus supplementation increases the effects of a group of signaling proteins called interferons (IFNs). Cytokines like IFNs are used by the body to trigger defensive mechanisms. For instance, IFNs are released by host cells when they are threatened by parasites, tumor cells, viruses and/or bacteria. [2]

In nasal secretion samples, astragalus extract has increased antibody levels of membrane-bound immunoglobulins, IgA and IgG. Immunoglobulins are glycoprotein molecules that are critical to effective immune responses. [2]

This plant increases levels of another cytokine signaling molecule called interleukin-2. This protein modulates activities of white blood cells (leukocytes). [2]

Preliminary evidence suggests that astragalus can improve or restore some elements of immune function in cases where immunity has been compromised. [2]

For instance, astragalus seems to restore T cell function in in-vitro studies. This can be important for cancer patients, as T cell function is often suppressed in cancer. [2]

Administered intravenously, astragalus might be able to upregulate differentiation and proliferation (rapid replication) of progenitor cells and stem cells in human bone marrow. [2]

NMCD states that this natural medicine also seems to demonstrate broad spectrum antibiotic activities. [2]

Astragalus is being studied for its possible effects on increasing fertility. Preliminary research suggests that it enhances sperm motility (movement), and may help to increase conception rates. [2]

In patients with chronic hepatitis, astragalus supplementation seems to improve hepatic function. Researchers believe this effect to be due to increases in levels of an enzyme found in liver and heart cells called SGPT (serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase). [2]

Preliminary studies suggest that astragalus dietary supplements may benefit cardiovascular conditions including postmyocardial infarction, congestive heart failure and angina. This could be caused by vasodilation and resulting increases in cardiac output. [2]

Astragalus Medicinal Properties

UMM states that astragalus root extract possesses anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and antiviral properties. Some people use it to treat skin wounds, boost immune function and combat colds.

Astragalus is being studied for its capacities to enhance immunity in those who have been weakened by radiation and/or chemotherapy treatments. Some evidence suggests that it can help patients to recover more quickly from these treatments – and live longer overall. [3]

Evidence concerning astragalus’s effects on HIV/AIDS is conflicting. Certain herbal blends from Chinese healers seems to have improved symptoms and increased CD4 cells counts. [3]

However, other herbal blends have not caused similar effects. It is not clear which of the herbs in these blends may have caused improvements to HIV/AIDS symptoms.

More research is needed to determine how astragalus can enhance immune function, or help to improve symptoms associated with HIV/AIDS. [3]

Research from China suggests that this extract might be helpful for improving severe heart disease symptoms. It might help to balance lipids (fats) in the blood and improve cardiac performance. [2] [3]

UMM states the following healthy benefits associated with astragalus: [1]

• Works as an adaptogen to protect the body from oxidative stress and disease;
• May have antitumor effects, especially in leukemia and melanoma;
• May act against viruses, like those that cause the common cold;
• May enhance renal function and protect against kidney disease;
• May improve blood cell counts in those with aplastic anemia;
• May help to naturally lower blood sugar (glucose) levels;

Research continues to explore the ways that astragalus may help enhance health in humans. You should discuss using an astragalus supplement with your doctor beforehand if you have a condition you feel it may help with.

Astragalus Supplements Review

You can purchase astragalus root in whole, sliced and powdered form. It is also available in capsules and tablets. Further, astragalus is available in liquid drop extracts, and alcohol-based tinctures.

Some topical ointments and creams contain astragalus. It is used in some Asian countries as an injectable medicine delivered intravenously.

As with any dietary supplement you may purchase, be sure that you choose a high-quality product from an established and well-reputed manufacturer. Always choose organically-sourced and manufactured supplements when available.

Astragalus Dosage

In the United States, Astragalus is sold a dietary supplement and not a medicine. There is no typical dosage for this natural plant. [2]

There is very little information available concerning astragalus use in infants and children. In Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), astragalus is not recommended for children with fever because it can actually increase fever intensity and duration. You should talk to a doctor before giving this supplement to a child. [1]

For adults, astragalus dosages vary in accordance with factors like age, weight and therapeutic purpose intended. High daily doses of astragalus may suppress immune system function in some people. [1]

A specific astragalus extract has been used orally to treat allergic rhinitis (hay fever). It is called Lectranal, and is standardized to include 40% astragalus polysaccharides. For treating hay fever, it has been used twice daily in 160 mg doses. [2]

NMCD states that a common astragalus dosage for preventing the common cold is 4 to 7 grams daily. [2]

For general use in traditional medicine, the plant extract is commonly used in doses between 1 and 30 grams each day. [2]

In some cases, people have used daily astragalus doses between 30 and 60 grams. However, most benefits are noted with lower doses (below 28 g/day). High daily doses are associated with possible hepatotoxicity and immune system suppression. [2]

Some people make astragalus decoctions by infusing no more than 120 grams of root in one liter of purified water. No more than one liter daily is recommended. [2]

To make an astragalus soup, you can simmer up to 30 grams of root in 3.5 liters of purified water. Add in other vegetables for increased nutrition and flavor.

There is no standardize dosage for astragalus root supplements. Consult with a medical professional who understands your health and goals in order to determine the appropriate dosage for you.

Astragalus Side Effects

UMM states that astragalus has no serious side effects associated when used properly. It is generally considered safe, and is not believed to interact with other herbs or medications.

There is little information available concerning the safety of astragalus supplements in pregnant or nursing women. You should discuss usage with your doctor before beginning to take it to make sure it is safe for you.

NMCD states that astragalus is well-tolerated, but can cause certain side effects in sensitive people. In one study, nausea, vulvitis, enterocolitis and pharyngitis were noted, but it could not be said that astragalus alone caused the symptoms.

Astragalus Interactions

UMM states that astragalus might increase or decrease the effects and/or side effects of prescription drugs that suppress the immune system.

If you have an autoimmune disease, like MS (multiple sclerosis), SLE (systemic lupus erythematosus) or RA (rheumatoid arthritis), you should not use this product without your doctor’s recommendation, and then use with caution.

Talk with your doctor about the safety of using astragalus with Imuran (azathioprine), CellCept (mycophenolate), Zenapax (daclizumab), Neoral (cyclosporine), Simulect (basiliximab) and other drugs that can suppress immune system activities.

Astragalus can interact with lithium. It can make the body unable to effectively excrete lithium, and thereby cause lithium levels to rise to dangerous levels. Talk with your doctor and use caution with this combination.

There are no known interactions between this herb and other foods, or laboratory tests.

As with any dietary supplement, you should approach astragalus use with caution and be informed about the potential benefits and side effects before taking it.

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