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There has been a lot of interest recently in ordering the drug Modafinil from online pharmacies located internationally. Is this practice legal where you live and are there any requirements in order to lawfully purchase Modafinil online from an offshore pharmacy?
Modafinil is a neuro-enhancing drug which is available only with a prescription in most developed countries.
Doctors prescribe Modafinil to patients who have been diagnosed with narcolepsy, obstructive sleep apnea, or for those whose sleep cycles have been disrupted due to working odd hours or shifts.
This drug is also known to be effective in treating some symptoms of ADHD and may be prescribed off-label for individuals who are sleep deprived and show signs of excessive fatigue from other conditions besides the approved sleep disorders. Modafinil is also used as a nootropic drug for cognitive enhancement purposes.
Alertness
Mental Acuity
Focus- Stimulates wakefulness in the brain
- Promotes mental acuity & processing
- Enhances focus, motivation & energy
History and Traditional Uses of Modafinil
Related Topics
- What is Modafinil? (Provigil)
- How Does Provigil Work?
- Effects and Benefits
- User Reviews
- Typical Experiences
- Recommended Dosages
- How to Take
- Provigil Uses
- Use for ADHD
- Effects on Weight Loss
- Negative Side Effects
- Abuse Warnings & Dangers
- Comparison to Adrafinil
- Comparison to Armodafinil
- Comparison to Adderall
- Where to Buy
- Generic Modafinil Brands
- Is Modafinil Legal?
- How to Get Modafinil
- Review of Online Sources
Modafinil was first developed in 1976 by Michel Jouvet for the French pharmaceutical company LaFon Laboratories (later bought by Cephalon). The discovery of Modafinil actually came about from the previous discovery of a series of benzhydryl sulfinyl compounds, including the compound Adrafinil.
Adrafinil was first discovered in 1974, two years prior to Modafinil. Adrafinil is considered a prodrug of Modafinil, because it breaks down into Modafinil in the body. During research trying to determine the mechanism of action of Adrafinil, it was found that Adrafinil was metabolized into the active compound Modafinil, and the inactive compound modafinilic acid.
Because it is metabolized only partially into Modafinil, Adrafinil is considered less potent. Research continued on Adrafinil until a process for producing Modafinil alone was developed. Subsequently, the more powerful Modafinil because the more popular and researched medication. The Cephalon branded version of Modafinil is Provigil. Other brand names include Modalert, Modatec, Waklert, Modvigil, and Alertec.
In initial animal studies on Modafinil, it was seen to increase locomotor activity and alertness. Consequently, the first human trials were conducted on people with narcolepsy sleep disorder.
Narcolepsy is a neurological sleep disorder that affects control of wakefulness and sleep. People with narcolepsy experience excessive daytime sleepiness, and can often fall asleep instantly and randomly throughout the day. In multiple double-blind placebo-controlled clinical research studies, Modafinil has been seen to be a successful treatment for narcolepsy. Scores on various tests including the Maintenance of Wakefulness Test and the Multiple Sleep Latency Test have improved when using Modafinil compared to scores when using a placebo.
Since its initial use and approval as a prescription medication for narcolepsy, Modafinil has been used for other sleep disorders, especially those concerning problems with wakefulness and excessive sleepiness.
Shift-work sleep disorder (sometimes simply called shift work disorder) is a circadian rhythm sleep disorder that can occur in people who work very late/overnight shifts, or very long extended shifts, as is seen with some health care providers such as doctors and nurses. Shift-work sleep disorder often causes excessive sleepiness during the time the person is awake (typically during normal sleep periods – nighttime), and can also cause insomnia when trying to sleep (often during typical awake periods – daytime).
In patients with shift work sleep disorder, Modafinil has been seen to improve excessive sleepiness. In one study, people were given either Modafinil or a placebo before their nighttime work shift. Researchers found that the excessive sleepiness was reduced in Modafinil patients compared to placebo patients. It was also seen that the patients given Modafinil had fewer and shorter attention span lapses than placebo patients, using the Psychomotor Vigilance Test.
There was still some excessive sleepiness reported by the patients in the study, leading the researchers to conclude that while Modafinil does work to improve wakefulness and performance, better options are still needed to even more effectively treat shift-work sleep disorder.
Modafinil is also used as an adjunct treatment for improving the symptoms of obstructive sleep apnea/hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS). This potentially serious medical condition occurs when the muscles of the mouth relax too much during sleep, allowing the tongue and sometimes the soft palate of the mouth to either partially or even completely obstruct the airway. Hypopnea occurs when the airway is partially blocked, resulting in labored, shallow breathing; while apnea occurs when the airway is completely blocked, resulting in the temporary cessation of breathing.
Sleep patterns are often very disrupted in individuals with obstructive sleep apnea/hypopnea due to low oxygen levels caused by impaired breathing, and also due to potentially multiple wake-ups throughout the night following an apnea or hypopnea episode. Consequently, many people experience excessive daytime sleepiness. In multiple research studies, Modafinil has been seen to significantly improve daytime sleepiness and increase wakefulness in people with sleep apnea/hypopnea compared to placebo.
Modafinil is only intended to treat symptoms of obstructive sleep apnea/hypopnea, and is used in conjunction with traditional treatments for the condition, such as continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) machines.
In the United States, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has approved Modafinil as a Schedule IV prescription drug to treat narcolepsy, shift-work sleep disorder, and obstructive sleep apnea/hypopnea syndrome.
Common Off-Label and Alternative Uses of Modafinil
As was previously discussed, there are some approved, on-label uses that Modafinil is commonly prescribed for. However, there are even more off-label uses that have been discovered since this drug became an approved prescription medication.
Some off-label uses relate directly back to the original uses of Modafinil. Fatigue is a common symptom experienced with many different conditions, including depression, multiple sclerosis, Parkinson’s disease, and chronic fatigue syndrome.
While research is somewhat limited, some studies have been done using Modafinil for improving wakefulness and reducing fatigue in non-sleep disorder conditions. As is to be expected given all the research showing that Modafinil is a eugeroic drug (wakefulness promoting compound), results have shown that Modafinil is able to improve disease-related fatigue in people who have various different conditions.
Some off-label uses relate directly to the stimulant-like effects that Modafinil can have. One of the most common prescription off-label uses for Modafinil is for Attention-Deficit disorder (ADD), and even more specifically for Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). Some studies have compared Modafinil to conventional ADHD medications and a placebo, while others have compared Modafinil to a placebo alone.
Multiple double-blind, placebo-controlled studies have compared Modafinil to a placebo; these studies have found that significantly better results are found using Modafinil over placebo on various tests, including Teacher and Parent ADHD Rating Scale-IV, Clinical Global Impressions-Improvement scale, Conners Rating Scales, and the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders IV ADHD Checklist.
One study compared Modafinil to a conventional ADHD medication, dextroamphetamine, and compared both active medications to placebo. It was found that both of the active medications significantly improved scores on the DSM-IV ADHD Behavior Checklist for Adults compared to placebo. The researchers concluded that Modafinil should be considered a viable alternative treatment for ADHD symptoms.
While it is not an approved on-label use, many doctors who are aware of current research on the successes seen using Modafinil for ADHD will prescribe this medication to their patients, especially to patients who may have had negative experiences with traditional stimulant medications used for this condition. Writing prescriptions for off-label uses are entirely legal, but are entirely up to individual doctor’s discretion.
An off-label use that is growing in popularity is using Modafinil as a smart drug or nootropic for enhancing cognitive abilities. Research is more limited on this usage than other off-label uses, but there have been some studies done. Two reviews of previous research studies done on Modafinil and cognition found that general trends emerged from the results of these studies, showing that Modafinil often improved working and episodic memory, as well as executive function, especially in completing complex tasks and solving detailed problems.
One randomized double-blind placebo-controlled between-subjects study compared the results that health volunteers got while on placebo to while they took either a 100 mg or 200 mg dose of Modafinil. It was found that Modafinil significantly increased performance on tests of digit span, visual pattern recognition memory, spatial planning and stop-signal reaction time compared to placebo. As well, with Modafinil, certain decision making tests showed a slightly delayed response time, leading the researchers to conclude that Modafinil reduced impulsive responding, further suggesting that is may be a useful treatment for ADHD.
As there still is not very much research done on using Modafinil for these purposes, these are not approved on-label uses. As mentioned before, some doctors are prescribing Modafinil for ADHD, but a healthy person getting a prescription for Modafinil for nootropic purposes is almost entirely unheard of. Because of that, some people will turn to a Modafinil online pharmacy without a prescription, however this has many issues.
- Increases energy, wakefulness and motivation
- Boosts mental performance and focus
- Supports memory and cognition
Modafinil Purchase Guide
Most people who want to buy Modafinil from an online pharmacy are instead interested in the cognitive enhancement properties.
Some countries allow the patient to import small quantities of Modafinil from international pharmacies while other countries have employed a zero tolerant policy. Certain countries may only allow you to order it provided you have a prescription from a medical doctor.
Of course, not everyone who buys Modafinil online is looking to skirt domestic law. Some people choose to order their prescriptions medications online, rather than waiting in line at their local pharmacy.
It is easy to do so if you have an online pharmacy with which you are accustomed to dealing, but if you do not, it is important to make sure you are dealing with a reputable company who is selling quality authentic prescription drugs.
Furthermore, getting your Modafinil from an internet pharmacy may enable you to buy much cheaper generic versions of the drug instead of paying a premium to purchase the brand name Provigil formulation.
What are some of the considerations you should keep in mind when ordering Modafinil from a pharmacy based online?
To Buy or Not to Buy (Online)
A quick Google search for “Modafinil sellers” produces pages and pages of results. There’s no shortage of sellers offering to fill your prescription for you, as well as those who offer to sell you Modafinil without a prescription.
For those who have a prescription, ordering from a large well-established online pharmacy may be both convenient, safe and cost-effective.
But there are some key factors that you will have to take into account:
(1) The quality of Modafinil tablets varies greatly from different online suppliers and you will need to find one with a track record of quality assurance and satisfied customers;
(2) Even if it is legal to buy Modafinil without a prescription in the country you are ordering from (such as India), your local laws may require you to have a prescription and to be under the supervision of a doctor;
(3) In some countries, Modafinil imports from online pharmacies may be seized at the border and prevented from reaching their destination.
These laws are known to not be enforced uniformly so as a result there are a small number individuals who have claimed to have successfully purchased Modafinil online.
That being said, trying to bypass customs when purchasing Modafinil isn’t a sustainable strategy that individuals should employ in the long run.
U.S. Residents Ordering Modafinil from an Online Pharmacy
Most of the readers of this site are visiting us from the U.S., so we will pay particular attention to the regulations in this country.
Residents of the U.S. are able to order Modafinil from internet pharmacies within the U.S., but online providers are negligible due to the difficulty of properly verifying prescriptions online for Schedule IV drugs.
Furthermore, most online pharmacies in the USA only sell Provigil- the non-generic version of Modafinil which can cost up to $800 for a single month’s supply.
When considering that generic Modafinil capsules can be purchased for as little as $1.20 per pill from countries like India, it becomes clear as to why many consumers are interested in looking for international sources for this drug.
What does U.S. law state about buying Modafinil online from an international pharmacy and importing it into the country? Prescription drugs in the U.S. are attached to various lists, or Schedules.
Modafinil has been assigned to Schedule IV, which includes other drugs with similar potential side effects and similar potential for addiction.
Modafinil and all Schedule IV drugs are not allowed to be imported into the USA without proper DEA approval. The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has employed stringent controls over the quality, purity and authenticity of drugs which are being imported before they are sold to consumers.
Purchasing a controlled substance from an online pharmacy may be in violation of federal law which provides a penalty of up to 5 years in prison and $250,000 fine for importation of non-narcotic Schedule III, IV, or V drugs.
To date, there has been no incident anyone importing small quantities of Modafinil pills being subjected to the aforementioned penalties, but knowing the risks in advance is important. Even though individuals are not pursued for legal action, the monetary risk of having the package seized by customs should be considered.
Some retailers will offer refunds if the package is denied at customs, but it is recommended that individuals verify and look for online reviews to verify this.
The UK, Australia, and Canada
Residents of the United Kingdom and Canada can order Modafinil online from a pharmacy of their choosing, provided they have a doctor’s prescription for it. Again, it is important to select an online pharmacy that is well-established and with whom others have had positive experiences.
For UK residents, there are a few online pharmacies that will even provide online doctor’s prescriptions. You must provide your medical history and have an online consultation regarding why you need Modafinil. If it is determined that you are eligible for this drug then a doctor will give you an online prescription that you can use to get dosages through the associated online pharmacy.
There are other online pharmacies based in Europe that say they provide online doctor’s prescriptions as well, however the legitimacy of some of these is questionable. The UK online pharmacies state that they can only give prescriptions for UK residents, while some of the mainland European pharmacies say they will write prescriptions for anyone. These prescriptions may not be considered legal in all places.
When ordering from a Modafinil online pharmacy outside of the country, there have been some reports of imports being stopped at the border of these countries. While this is always a risk when purchasing any prescription medications internationally, in many cases these shipments are turned away due to improper labeling or due to excessively large quantities being purchased at once.
Generally, individuals are allowed to import up to 3 months worth of supply for personal use for any medication purchased internationally. There may be additional regulations you need to consider based on local regulations.
Can I Order Online Without a Prescription?
There is a lot of confusion regarding the legal status of buying Modafinil without a prescription.
It is important to remember that when purchasing drugs from an international point of origin, there are two sets of laws that need to be satisfied. First, the seller and the buyer are governed by any laws controlling the sale of the drug in the country where the online pharmacy is officially based.
Secondly, the buyer is also governed by the laws of the country where the individual intends to have the Modafinil shipped.
It is true that in certain countries individuals may be able to purchase Modafinil dosages without a prescription from their doctor. As such, online pharmacies based in those countries can legally sell buyers the drug without this paperwork.
However, when the product leaves the country of origin and arrives at the border where the purchaser resides, local laws will apply. In many cases, purchasing a drug from an online pharmacy is only legal if individuals have a legitimate prescription from a doctor in their country of residence.
While enforcement of these laws is known to being inconsistently implemented, individuals need to be aware of the regulations as they apply in their home country.
There are many online vendors willing to ship Modafinil without requiring a prescription from individuals. Due diligence is recommended to determine the track record of any offshore pharmacy individuals intend to buy from.
Consumers must be vary of dubious sellers who have been known to send nothing upon receipt of money. Another risk is that it can be difficult to know whether the medication being received is pure or authentic.
There is the option of sending a sample of the order to an online lab for testing at a cost of about $40 – $50, a precaution that will have to be made for every order. This can make even the most cost-effective product no longer cost-effective.
Adrafinil versus Modafinil
Modafinil is the metabolite of Adrafinil. This means Adrafinil, when ingested, is converted by the body into Modafinil.
Adrafinil is available without a prescription in most countries and can be purchased safely from reputable online nootropic retailers.
Both Modafinil and Adrafinil have some serious potential side effects, so when taking Adrafinil, it is recommended that individuals work with their doctor to monitor liver enzymes and to watch for any other side effects which may occur with continued use.
Summary
Modafinil can be purchased online with a written prescription from your physician. U.S. residents cannot import Modafinil from other countries unless they receive authorization, but residents of the United Kingdom, Australia and Canada are permitted to imported quantities for personal use conditional to the possession of a prescription.
Ordering Modafinil from online pharmacies without a prescription is risky both financially and to the consumer’s health. Adrafinil is a legal alternative and can be ordered safely online from well-known and established nootropic sellers.
Both Modafinil and Adrafinil have the potential for causing side effects and should be monitored closely by your medical doctor.
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- Kalechstein AD, De La Garza R 2nd, Newton TF. Modafinil administration improves working memory in methamphetamine-dependent individuals who demonstrate baseline impairment. Am J Addict. 2010
- Hilton-Jones D, Bowler M, Lochmueller H, Longman C, Petty R, Roberts M, Rogers M, Turner C, Wilcox D. Modafinil for excessive daytime sleepiness in myotonic dystrophy type 1--the patients' perspective. Neuromuscul Disord. 2012
- Estrada A, Kelley AM, Webb CM, Athy JR, Crowley JS. Modafinil as a replacement for dextroamphetamine for sustaining alertness in military helicopter pilots. Aviat Space Environ Med. 2012
- Morgan PT, Pace-Schott E, Pittman B, Stickgold R, Malison RT. Normalizing effects of modafinil on sleep in chronic cocaine users. Am J Psychiatry. 2010
- Goss AJ, Kaser M, Costafreda SG, Sahakian BJ, Fu CH. Modafinil augmentation therapy in unipolar and bipolar depression: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. J Clin Psychiatry. 2013
Article last updated on: March 14th, 2018 by Nootriment
9 Comments
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